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Before you begin to actually look at tractors you should know exactly what you are looking for.

Consider the following questions when shopping for a tractor.

What size of tractor do you need?

What are you going to be using you tractor for?

How often will the tractor be used?

Is the tractor going to be used to produce income? Of course, money is often a consideration when shopping for a tractor. Consider talking to people that own tractors and get their opinions.

Be an informed shopper and don’t let anyone rush you. Below are some other things to consider before you begin shopping for a tractor.

Tractor Size

This is obviously the most commonly asked questions regarding a tractor purchase. The average compact tractor consumer owns a 1-5 acre piece of property and uses the small compact diesel mostly for mowing The other tractor consumers usually have between 10-30 acres and needs about a 30 horsepower to complete the necessary tasks.

What are you going to use the tractor for?, is of course, the most important question to answer. Is it just for mowing or will you be using a loader or backhoe on it? Will you be working on rocky or uneven ground?

Dollars & Sense

You should definitely shop around, however, don’t forget that if you are comparing the prices of different makes and models of tractor it can sometimes be much like comparing apples to oranges. As with anything else, some makes and models are made better than others. A few more dollars upfront in price for a better quality of tractor makes more ‘sense’ than having to pay the cost of constant repairs and maintenance.

Different Makes and Models of Tractors

If at all possible, one of the best things you can do to make your life easier, is to purchase a tractor that is easy to get parts for. There are many foreign makes and models that are exact matches to domestic tractors. With that in mind, you can get a parts book for U.S. made tractor and purchase the corresponding part numbers that way. Some parts dealers don’t like to sell parts for a gray market tractor. In fact, dealers of some brands of tractors are being told by a higher authority that they cannot willingly sell parts for gray market tractors.

Diesel Engines

Make sure you get a tractor with a diesel engine. Diesel engines have better performance and usually last longer than gas engines. Implements also work better on diesel engine tractors.

Horsepower

Approximately how many horsepower will you need? One horsepower (hp) is the amount of energy required to lift 550 pounds, one foot, in one second. In a tractor the energy is produced from torque and engine speed. A 100 hp tractor is one with a maximum of 100 horsepower available at the power-takeoff (PTO) outlet.

PTO

Nearly all Japanese tractor manufacturers include the power take off (PTO) horsepower (hp) in their model numbers; however, they do not include the engine (fly) hp. The first two numbers of the model number is where you find the PTO hp. The PTO hp is important because it is telling you the equipment working power of the tractor. It tells you what horsepower that equipment requiring a PTO will get from the tractor. Click here for a more in depth explanation of PTO.

Cylinders

Consider getting a three or four cylinder tractor. Three and four cylinder tractors are generally newer tractors and run quieter and smoother than the two cylinder models. Transmissions

There are several different types of transmissions for tractors. If you are not knowledgeable about tractor transmissions, it would be a good idea if you familiarize yourself with the different types listed below, so that when you go out to shop for a tractor you will well informed.

Manual transmissions on tractors were made to be shifted while the tractor is not in motion. This will cause a grinding noise due to the fact the two gears that are trying to mesh are rotating at different speeds. Manual shift transmissions are known for their durability, however, they are not considered to be very user friendly. The sliding gear and the collar shift are two of the more common transmissions.

Synchro Shift transmissions are basically collar shift transmissions (a type of manual transmission, see above). The difference is the added synchronizers, which makes it so that the gears don’t grind if you are trying to shift while the tractor is in motion. Some synchro shift transmissions only have one pair of synchronized gears, while others have all speeds synchronized, including forward and reverse. The synchronization of forward and reverse is called the shuttle shift. This synchro shift is a dependable transmission, however, just like with automobiles, the more ‘tricky’ the tranny is, and the more chance there is of something going wrong or breaking.

A Power Shift transmission is an option well worth considering. Not those standard shift transmissions won’t work just fine; however, often power shift is a nice little luxury, depending on what you are going to be using the tractor for. With a power shift transmission you can choose different speeds while the tractor is in motion, without needing to use the clutch pedal.

Hydrostatic transmissions operate in a closed loop, the flow of the pump is reversed, which in turn causes the tractor to reverse directions. The hydrostatic transmission is considered to be very dependable and is able to defend itself against ‘operator difficulty’. Because this is transmission is controlled by a foot pedal, when you take your foot off of the pedal the tractor will stop, this is a nice safety feature. Hydrostatic is considered the best selection for such things as large mowing jobs because it allows for easy direction change and continual, unchanging speed.

Implement Adaptability

You will want a tractor with a Category 1, 3-point hitch and standard rotation PTO shafts. Most imported compact tractors are equipped with these items; however, there are a few that are not.

Implement Availability

Before you purchase a a tractor, make sure that good quality implements are available for it. It is a good idea to try to find a tractor with as many model-specific attachments as possible. These include things such as loaders and backhoes, which have custom-fitted mounts that are not interchangeable with other makes and models of tractor. You can often save money if you purchase the implements at the same time you purchase the tractor and some implements can be very expensive to add on at a later time.

Parts Manuals

Sometime parts manuals can be very hard to acquire. Make sure there is one available for the tractor you choose. Ask how much the manual is, sometimes the cost can be over $100.00 dollars.

Warranty

Find out what kind of a warranty comes with the tractor. Find out what it covers and for how long. Below is a checklist that you can print and take with you when you are out shopping for a tractor. Just check things off and take notes as you check over the prospective tractor.

Yes, it’s a very long checklist, but well worth your time if you want to get a good quality tractor at a fair price.

Some things on the checklist may not pertain to the type of tractor you are looking for; however, we believe that most folks will find the majority of information here to be very helpful.

Your goal is to ensure that the tractor you purchase is all that the seller says it is and doesn’t have any hidden problems. Make sure you know what you are looking for. Know what options you must have on the tractor and which ones you might be willing to compromise on or be able to add later.

Tractor Buyer’s Checklist

Make_____________________________ Model _____________________ Year _________ Hours

On Meter________ Asking Price $____________

Seller’s Name _____________________________ Phone ______________

Tractor Location _______________________________________________

Yes/No Notes

Visual Exterior Inspection

Does the overall appearance of the tractor look as if it has been cared for?

Why is the tractor for sale?

Is the paint faded?

Is the sheet metal straight?

Are there a lot of ‘dings’ in the tractor?

Are there any decaying rubber or plastic components?

Are there any structural cracks? Look closely for hairline cracks.

Is there anything that looks like a ‘makeshift’ repair job?

Are the tires in good condition with good tread left on them?

Is there a calcium mixture added to the tires for better stability?

Is there still good tread left on the tires?

Is the seat in good condition?

Does it have a standard 3-point hitch?

Are there any puddles of fluid under the tractor?

Are there any oil spots on the ground around the wheels?

Engine Inspection

Is the engine warm?

Are there oil and/or fuel on the engine?

Can you see any seals leaking?

Is there oil around the rear axles, near the rear wheel?

Is there oil around the PTO seals?

Are there oil leaks around the output shaft seals gearboxes? (4WD

Is the engine oil at or near the full mark?

Is the front axle dipstick at or near the full mark? (4WD)

Does the oil look clean? Black is ok for diesel engines.

Are there creamy white droplets near the top of the dipstick?

Are all the filters U.S. made?

Is the air filter intact?

Does the air filter have any tears or holes in it?

Is the fuel filter clean?

Is the fan belt tight and in good shape?

Does the air inlet tube have any cracks or holes in it?

Is the water in the radiator dark green? This is a good thing.

Does the radiator water have a milky looking scum to it?

Is there flaking or discolored paint around the radiator cap?

Is there moisture along the bottom of the radiator?

Is there any slop in the steering linkages?

Did you closely look over the tractor a second time to make sure you didn’t miss anything?

Running Engine Inspection

Does the oil pressure register when you just turn the key?

Start the tractor. Does it start easily?

Does the oil pressure light go off or the oil gauge go up to about 30-80 psi?

Do all of the other lights go off?

Is the voltage meter (if it has one) charging a full 13.5-14.5 volts

Did you rock the steering wheel from left to right? Do this with the engine running if the

tractor has power steering.

Does the PTO spin in all gears?

Does the 3-point hitch work properly?

Does the tractor continue to smoke after it warms up?

Driving The Tractor (This is the fun part)

Does the tractor work through all of the gears?

Does the power shift feel ‘weak’ when shifting?

Is there any slippage when you quickly accelerate into high gear?

Does the 4WD engage properly?

Does the clutch slip?

Do the brakes work well?

Did you check the brakes by pushing one pedal at a time in low gear?

Does the tractor make any clunking noises from inside the engine?

Does the charging system work properly?

Do the wheels wobble at all?

Hydraulics

Are the control levers in good shape and not flopping around?

Are the pivot pins badly worn?

Does any oil seep out of the extended spools (control valves)?

Are the hydraulic couplers capped?

Does the hydraulics work correctly?

Post Driving Inspection

Did the temp gauge ever get above the recommended temperature?

Did the temp light ever come on while you were driving it?

Did the tractor overheat?

Did the tractor run well even after it got hot?

Do you see any new leaks from the radiator?

Do you see any new oil and or fluid leaks?

Did you see excess smoke when you removed the oil cap?

Did you closely look over the tractor a third time to make sure you didn’t miss anything?

I Hope this has been a lot of information that you where looking for and you will use this information to your advantage and be safe with it.

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Can you imagine any competition, serious endeavor, an Olympic athlete or top performer in any field where a coach, consultant or mentor is not employed to achieve excellent results? That is why sports coaches, fitness coaches, executive coaches, sales coaches, life coaches and experts are sought. They provide the strategy, tactics and best practices to quickly and easily achieve results.

Yet on many career blogs you will see that, usually to save a few dollars, people often insist on doing their own resumes and their own interview prep without using any type of career coaching. While this do-it-yourself approach may result in finding jobs, in today’s competitive world it usually means a longer job search or a suboptimal result. The questions to ask in a buyers’ market are: “How can I get a competitive edge?” and “How do I win this resume game?”

Are you a job seeker facing this highly competitive, more demanding world? Have you experienced how the new systems, technologies, and the economy have made the hiring process much more complicated, impersonal and time consuming? Much to the job seeker’s frustration, it has become a distinct two stage competition – first: the resume competition and second: the interview process.

Perhaps you’ve tried to reach the hiring manager and tried to sell yourself into an interview. Maybe you’ve left multiple messages to the recruiter in HR to follow up on the resume that you submitted. It’s difficult to get any personal response. So your resume is forced to do your selling for you.

So how can you get an “edge” using a “resume coach”? Here are some facts:

• When thousands of resumes are searched by recruiters, if you’re not on page 1 or 2, you’re probably not even in the running.
• A poorly qualified candidate with an elegant, professional looking resume may get called for a job interview, while a stronger candidate can be left behind because of poor resume aesthetics or subpar presentation, and no one will ever know. It’s a one way street.
• A poor resume might generate a 1/20 interview ratio, while an exceptional resume should generate a 1/6 ratio or better.
• Resumes are often read with a negative bias. “What is this candidate missing?”
• As a longtime recruiter, 50% of the resumes that I screened were poorly written. About 40% were average and only 10% were effective selling resumes. Most resumes are narrative, unfocused and are not “selling resumes”.
• A Selling resume is at least 31% more likely to land interviews, 40% more likely to receive a job offer, and 38% more likely to be contacted by recruiters, compared to an average resume. A Selling resume is about 70% more likely to get interviews than a poor resume.

So in order get an edge in the paper competition, your document can’t be just a resume —- but a Selling Resume!

Since many of us do not have sales experience, and are too close to the topic to really sell ourselves objectively, we need to consult a sales-oriented advisor, a “resume coach” to guide us in the presentation. A selling resume is not about “you “, but about “how you can help solve a problem”. Every job exists to solve a business problem. Your resume has to sell you as a solution.

There many sources of resume information, “misinformation” and outdated advice in the marketplace. Poor results, even after spending a lot of money, are not uncommon. Here are the choices:

• Free resources and resume templates that rarely yield an exceptional resume. Most of these resumes never clear the Applicant Tracking Systems that recruiters and companies use.
• Resume builders and free sources don’t care about quality or uniqueness. They usually just want a resume for their primary purpose and agenda, or it’s merely a “freebie” service leading you in to entice you purchase other products or services.
• HR recruiters are limited to their own experience. Agency recruiters simply can’t spend the time. They take an average resume and try to present it with their own write ups – their own elevator pitch – in hopes of filling jobs that they will get paid for. It’s easier than rewriting your resume and honestly, they don’t have a real investment in your career if it doesn’t serve their immediate purpose.
• When we do it ourselves, without specific coaching, we rarely create a selling resume because we are too close to the topic and too distant from the hiring process. Are we the experts?
• A professional resume writer can produce good, average or poor results depending on their skills & background, and price is not necessarily an indicator of quality. The blogs are full of mixed reviews.
• Since this is a lifelong skill, the best choice is to seek out the proper guidance and advice so you can quickly learn to craft and tailor an exceptional resume whenever you need it throughout your career. A resume also becomes a branding tool for social networks where you are checked out and found by recruiters.

Who would be the best sources for a Resume Coach?

If you want to win the resume game, your resume must be a selling document. Therefore, a talented career coach or third party recruiter, who understands both sales and the recruiting process in your field, is the most obvious choice. Paying for their time and guidance is a minor investment compared to the upside and the results it could yield. Ask yourself — if your job search is even 2 days shorter, your job offer is $2000 more, or the position obtained puts you on a faster track, is there a better investment for your career?

Therefore a “selling resume” is more than an advertisement in today’s world. It is a marketing proposal for your services. Get the edge. Get a sales-oriented coach to help you win the resume game.

Howard Cattie is Founder and Head Coach of CareerOyster, an innovative online career and job transition coaching to help executives and professionals direct their careers throughout their working lives. Services include resume help, interviewing help, job leads and customized career coaching via multimedia products. The theme of the company is simple:

“The world is your Oyster….. be the pearl”.

To get started, and to get your free video career advice and job search tips newsletter, visit http://www.careeroyster.com.

Howard has had over 30 years of Career Coaching, Recruiting, Sales and Sales Management experience before founding CareerOyster LLC. While he has been a hiring manager for most of that time, his real passion has been in helping individuals identify their longer term goals and position themselves to get there. He has extensive experience in coaching jobseekers and recruiters in effective career planning, resume writing, interview coaching and job closing strategies. He has trained over 400 recruiters and thousands of candidates in job seeking techniques with a true specialty in candidate interview preparation. Prior to that he founded and managed Custom Recruiting Services for 11 years, a specialized recruiting firm for Technology and Technology Sales and Marketing professionals. Howard was also an Executive in three national Recruiting and Staffing organizations: Source Services, Romac International (now Kforce) and Norrell (now Spherion).

Howard was a certified member of Worldwide Association of Business Coaches (WABC) and provides Executive, Sales and Career Coaching to Management Clients.
Education:
MS in Computer Engineering from the University of Michigan
MBA in Marketing from Temple University
BS in Engineering Physics from St Joseph’s University

contact: howard@careeroyster.com

How much does childcare cost and what’s the difference?

The cost of childcare is an important consideration for families in the UK. Childcare costs vary significantly depending on the type of childcare you choose.

Prices vary according to the type of childcare that you need, the hours that you need childcare for and the experience and qualifications that you’re chosen candidate has. Location also affects the price of childcare, for example Nanny’s in London cost considerably more than Nannies in Birmingham or Nannies in Manchester.

Typically babysitters and au pairs are the least expensive type of child care with the least experience and qualifications but that’s not to say they won’t provide excellent care and be perfect solution to your childcare needs. Live in Nannies in London are highly sought after and provide the most expensive childcare. They provide round the clock care for families, with high levels of experience, up to date CRB check and childcare training.

Each childcare candidate on FAB has the option of displaying their regular hourly, weekly, or monthly charges on their profile page and each candidate includes the type of childcare or domestic service that they can provide.

For example, Jodie is a childcarer based in Harpenden. She is available for a number of child care jobs in the Harpenden area including Nanny live out, Nanny part time, Babysitter, Afterschool Nanny, Nanny Housekeeper, and Housekeeper. She has ten years experience and charges £7 per hour.

If you are returning to work or just need extra help with your little ones, the following should be considered before beginning your childcare search as it will greatly affect the cost of your childcare:

How much can I afford to spend on childcare?

How often do I need childcare?

Do I want childcare in my own home or away from my home?

Do I want someone with many years of experience or am I happy with an inexperienced au pair?

Am I willing to have my childcare live in my home or do I prefer my families privacy?

The age of your children, a baby requires much more specialised care than a teenager.

Where do you live? Childcare costs in London are higher than say Birmingham simply because the cost of living is higher.

Am I eligible for Working Tax Credits or Childcare Vouchers?

Whatever type of child care you need and wherever you are, it’s important to discuss and agree your requirements and the costs with your childcare candidate in advance.

www.findababysitter.com connects parents and agencies with childcare by postcode and by the type of care, experience or qualifications that they require, or can provide, either in their own home or just up their street.
Findababysitter is a community service, a place where people living close by can find each other and the childcare they need, safely, easily and affordably.

Now that you’ve taken the big step, booked your ski vacation and reserved your spot in the beginners skiing class (as discussed in Part 1 of the series), its time to take a look what you’ve actually let yourself in for.

So what exactly will your first skiing lesson try to teach you?

Tip # 2 – Learning Control

The most critical skill in learning to snow ski is that of control. Remember, you’re adding a hefty amount of extra length to your feet – being able to control your feet and moving on them will keep your behind dry and your pride intact.

Rather start out with shorter skis than longer ones. Although there are disadvantages such as less glide in using shorter skis, this gives you the opportunity to get the basics right and then upgrade your ski length as your skill improves. Once you have the skis on, use your poles as a balancing device while moving your weight from side to side on your skis. This side to side motion is what will eventually guide you down the mountain slope at a speed that you feel comfortable at. The shortest route to the bottom of the slope is straight down – but this is neither advisable at beginner level, nor necessarily the best way to get to the bottom! So make sure you’re comfortable with shifting your weight from one foot to the other while on the skis.

Probably the most important skill to learn control of is how to STOP without doing yourself some major injury. The easiest and best way to slow your momentum is to point the toes of your skis towards each other and spreading your heels apart – much like a slice of cake. NB – but whatever you do, DON’T let the tips of your skis cross each other – it’s a surefire way of ensuring a wet and uncomfortable tumble.

Another important skill is learning balance. And the best time to practice is while you’re still on flat ground! The trick is to practice balancing on one ski at a time. Lift one ski a couple of centimeters off the snow and shift all your weight to the other leg. Observe how your body adjusts to maintain your balance on just one foot – and remember, your ski-poles are there to help you. Now try skiing on just one leg to get used to being in balance, whether you’re on two feet or only one. You won’t go haring down the mountain on one foot though – this is just an exercise to get you used to your own sense of weight distribution and balance. It is advisable to be comfortable skiing on one leg (practice doing this on both) before you become proficient in skiing on two.

Now that you’ve put on your skies, practiced shifting your weight from side to side, found your balance on your skis and learned how to stop your forward momentum, you’re almost ready to face your first down hill ski. But first, you’ll have to master one more critical skill that everyone needs to learn … how to get up when you fall.

Yolande runs the website [http://www.skiingtips.org] that provides infomation on skiing for the beginner to the advance skier.

Part 3 of Beginner Snow Skiing Tips for the beginner [http://www.skiingtips.org/Taking-The-Plunge-Snow-Skiing-Tips-For-The-Beginner-Part-3.php] can be found on the website

If you’re looking for information on Ski Resorts visit World Ski Resorts [http://www.worldskiresorts.info/skiresort_articles/index.php]

Stage fright Is Good and Makes You Better Looking Too!

Before you learn how to speak in public, it is important to be ready to speak in public. Stage fright is a phenomenon that you must learn to control if you want to be good at public speaking. Actually, stage fright isn’t the most accurate term for the nervousness that occurs when considering a speaking engagement. In fact, most of the fear occurs before you step on-stage. Once you’re up there, it usually goes away. Try to think of stage fright in a positive way. Fear is your friend. It makes your reflexes sharper. It heightens your energy, adds a sparkle to your eye, and color to your cheeks. When you are nervous about speaking, you are more conscious of your posture and breathing. With all those good side effects you will actually look healthier and more physically attractive.

When making public performances, many of the top performers in the world get stage fright so you are in good company. Stage fright may come and go or diminish, but it usually does not vanish permanently. You must concentrate on getting the feeling out in the open, into perspective and under control.

Remember Nobody ever died from stage fright or speaking in public. But, according to surveys, many people would rather die than speak in public. If that applies to you, try out some of the strategies in this section to help get yourself under control. Realize that you may never overcome stage fright, but you can learn to control it, and use it to your advantage in your public speaking efforts.

Symptoms of Stage fright

* Dry mouth.

* Tight throat.

* Sweaty hands.

* Cold hands.

* Shaky hands.

* Give me a hand (Oops, I couldn’t resist).

* Nausea.

* Fast pulse.

* Shaky knees.

* Trembling lips.

Any out-of-the-ordinary outward or inward feeling or manifestation of a feeling occurring before, or during, the beginning of a public speaking engagement (Wow! What a dry mouthful!).

Here are some easy to implement strategies for reducing your stage fright.

Not everyone reacts the same and there is no universal fix. Don’t try to use all these fixes at once. Pick out items from this list and try them out until you find the right combination for you.

Visualization strategies that can be used anytime

* Concentrate on how good you are at public speaking.

* Pretend you are just chatting with a group of friends.

* Close your eyes and imagine the audience listening, laughing, and applauding.

* Remember happy moments from your past.

* Think about your love for and desire to help the audience.

* Picture the audience in their underwear.

Strategies in advance of program

* Be extremely well prepared.

* Join or start a Toastmasters club for extra practice.

* Get individual or group public speaking coaching.

* Listen to music.

* Read a poem.

* Anticipate hard and easy questions.

* Organize your speaking notes.

* Absolutely memorize your opening statement so you can recite it on autopilot if you have to.

* Practice, practice, practice. Especially practice bits so you can spit out a few minutes of your program no matter how nervous you are.

* Get in shape. I don’t know why it helps stage fright, but it does.

Strategies just before the program Remember Stage fright usually goes away after you start. The tricky time is before you start.

* Be in the room at least an hour early if possible to triple check the public address system and everything else on your checklist. You can also schmooze with participants arriving early.

* Notice and think about things around you.

* Concentrate on searching for current and immediate things that are happening at the event that you can mention during your speech (especially in the opening).

* Get into conversation with people near you. Be very intent on what they are saying.

* Yawn to relax your throat.

* Doodle.

* Draw sketches of a new car you would like to have.

* Look at your notes.

* Put pictures of your kids/grandkids, dog, etc., in your notes.

* Build a cushion of time in the day so you are not rushed, but not too much time. You don’t want to have extra time to worry.

* If your legs are trembling, lean on a table, sit down, or shift your legs.

* Take a quick walk.

* Take quick drinks of tepid water.

* Double check your A/V equipment including the public address system, projectors, etc..

* Don’t drink alcohol or coffee or tea with caffeine.

* Concentrate on your speaking ideas.

* Hide speaking notes around the stage area so you know you have a backup if you happen to draw a blank.

* Concentrate on your audience.

* Listen to music.

* Read a poem.

* Do isometrics that tighten and release muscles.

* Shake hands and smile with attendees before the program.

* Say something to someone to make sure your voice is ready to go.

* Go somewhere private and warm up your voice, muscles, etc.

* Use eye contact.

* Go to a mirror and check out how you look.

* Breathe deeply, evenly, and slowly for several minutes.

* Don’t eat if you don’t want to and never take tranquilizers or other such drugs. You may think you will do better, but you will probably do worse and not know it.

Strategies when the program begins

* If legs are trembling, lean on lectern /table or shift legs or move

* Try not to hold the microphone by hand in the first minute.

* Don’t hold notes. The audience can see them shake. Use three-by-five cards instead.

* Take quick drinks of tepid water.

* Use eye contact. It will make you feel less isolated.

* Look at the friendliest faces in the audience.

* Joke about your nervousness. What’s the right wine to go with fingernails?

Remember nervousness doesn’t show one-tenth as much as it feels. Before each speaking engagement make a short list of the items you think will make you feel better. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different combinations. You never know which ones will work best until you try. Rewrite them on a separate sheet and keep the sheet with you at all times so you can refer to it quickly when the need arises.

When speaking in public use these steps to control stage fright so it doesn’t control you.

How do you become a great speaker and get paid for it?

Learn the public speaking techniques that will create the career of your dreams and change other people’s lives forever. It’s easier than you think!

Tom Antion provides entertaining speeches and educational seminars. He is the ultimate entrepreneur, having owned many businesses BEFORE graduating college. Tom is the author of the best selling presentation skills book “Wake ‘em Up Business Presentations” and “Click: The Ultimate Guide to Electronic Marketing.” It is important to Tom that his knowledge be not only absorbed, but enjoyed. This is why he delivers his speeches laced with great humor and hysterical jokes. Tom has addressed more than 87 different industries and is thoroughly committed to his clients’ needs. http://www.antion.com

Understanding Fats…

While cooking oils are pure fat, they are not created equal. All cooking oils are a combination of saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. It is the concentration of hydrogen that determines how they are categorized. Without getting too technical, the following information will hopefully provide a basic understanding of fats.

Saturated Fats:

Saturated fats are found in animal products and are converted into cholesterol by the liver. Butter, margarine, meats and dairy products are especially high in saturated fat. Saturated fat will elevate blood cholesterol levels and is associated with increased rates of heart disease and stroke. It is solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fats:

There are two types of unsaturated fats: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats do not raise blood cholesterol levels. Canola and olive oils contain the highest proportion of monounsaturated fat when compared with other cooking oils. Safflower and corn oil are the highest in polyunsaturated fats.

Trans Fats:

Trans fats are man-made or processed fats, which are made from a liquid oil. When hydrogen is added to liquid vegetable oil and pressure is added, the result is a stiffer fat, like the fat found in a can of Crisco. Trans fats are also called hydrogenated fats and are found in margarine and trans fat partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Trans fats pose a greater risk of heart disease than saturated fats (which were once believed to be the worst kind of fats). While it is true that saturated fats (found in butter, cheese, beef, coconut and palm oil) raise total cholesterol levels, trans fats not only raise total cholesterol levels, they also deplete good cholesterol (HDL), which helps protect against heart disease.

Partially Hydrogenated Fats:

If you have health concerns, read food labels to see if they list “partially hydrogenated oil” as an ingredient. Partially hydrogenated oils are present in all commercially made donuts, crackers, cookies, pastries, deep-fat fried foods (including those from all major fast-food chains), potato and corn chips, imitation cheeses, and confectionery fats found in frosting and candies. All of these products contain unsaturated fats which can be damaged at high temperatures and converted to a trans fat.

Understanding the Difference between Refined and Unrefined Cooking Oils…

Refined Oils:

Refined oils are extracted by solvent extraction for further refining in order to produce clear oil that is free from rancidity and foreign matter. These oils are used as medium cooking oils (225°F to 350°F), high cooking oils (350°F to 450°F) and deep frying oils (greater than 450°F). Refined oils are bland and pale. They have negligible flavor and aroma which makes them ideal for preparing delicately flavored dishes. Use for baking, sauteing, stir-fry and wok cooking, baking, searing, browning, deep-frying and pan-frying.

Unrefined Oils:

Unrefined oils are processed by cold-pressed and expeller-pressed methods. They carry the true flavor of the plant from which the oil is made. The strong flavor of unrefined oils may overwhelm the dish or baked good that is prepared with them; however, strong flavor is not always undesirable and some unrefined oils are used as flavoring agents. (Generally, when there is a strong natural flavor and aroma, there is a higher amount of nutritional value.) These oils are typically called salad oils and are used for salad dressings, marinades, sauces and as light cooking oils for light sautes and low heat baking. As a general rule, they should not be cooked at high temperatures. (The one exception is unrefined safflower oil which is capable of reaching a temperature necessary for deep-frying.) Unrefined oils should not be used at temperatures above 320°F.

Various Cooking Oils and Recommended Use…

Some oils have low smoke points, which means that they will burn at low temperatures. These oils, typically called salad oils, are best used for salad dressings, marinades, sauces and as light cooking oils for light sautes and low heat baking. Other cooking oils have a high smoke point, which means that they can reach higher temperatures without smoking. These particular oils are ideal for deep-frying, pan-frying and sauteing. The information below will discuss various types of cooking oils and their recommended use.

Canola – Canola oil is a monounsaturated oil extracted from the seeds of a plant in the mustard family. It has a mild flavor and aroma and is most commonly available in a refined form. It has a bland flavor and is recommended for deep-frying, pan-frying, sauteing, baking and preparing salad dressings. Its mild flavor and relatively high smoke point (400°F) make refined canola oil a good all-purpose oil. Of all the cooking oils, canola has the least amount of saturated fat (6%) and is the least expensive.

Corn – Made from the germ of the corn kernel, corn oil is almost tasteless and is high in polyunsaturated fat (62%). It is used to make margarine, salad dressings and mayonnaise. With a smoke point of 450°F, it is excellent for pan-frying and deep-frying because it can withstand high temperatures without smoking.

Olive – Olive oil is a monounsaturated oil extracted from tree-ripened olives. The color may range from light amber to green with flavors that range from bland to extremely strong. Olive oil is graded according to its degree of acidity and the process used to extract the oil. Oil labeled “virgin” is cold pressed (a process using no heat or chemicals) and contains low levels of acidity. It provides the body with vitamins E and F. Oil labeled “pure” uses heat and chemicals to process olive residue from subsequent pressings. Unrefined olive oil has a smoke point of 320°F and is recommended for baking, sauteing, stir-frying and wok cooking.

Peanut – Made from pressed, steam-cooked peanuts, peanut oil contains 18% saturated fat. It has a bland flavor and is good for cooking because it doesn’t absorb or transfer flavors. Frying with peanut oil gives foods a rich, nutty, roasted flavor. Refined peanut oil has a smoke point of 450°F and is recommended for stir-frying, wok cooking, pan-frying and deep-frying.

Safflower – Made from safflower seeds, safflower oil is pale yellow and almost flavorless. It has more polyunsaturated fat that other oils (78%) but lacks vitamin E. It is considered a good, all-purpose cooking oil. Safflower oil is a favorite for salads because it does not solidify when chilled. Refined safflower oil has a smoke point of 450°F and is recommended for deep-frying, pan-frying, sauteing and baking.

Sesame – Made from pressed sesame seeds, sesame oil is high in polyunsaturated fat (43%) and monounsaturated fat (42%). It comes in two varieties, light and dark. Light sesame oil is made with untoasted sesame seeds and has a nutty flavor. It is especially good for stir-frying, wok cooking and preparing dressings. Dark sesame oil (Asian) is made with toasted sesame seeds and has a much stronger flavor than light sesame oil. It should only be used in small quantities for flavoring foods; it is not suitable for cooking. Refined sesame oil has a smoke point of 350°F and semirefined sesame oil has a smoke point of 450°F.

Soybean – Highly refined soybean oil is reasonably priced, very mild, versatile and it represents approximately 80% of all the cooking oils used in commercial food production in the USA. Almost any product that lists vegetable oil as an ingredient most likely contains refined soybean oil. With a smoke point of 450°F, soybean oil is a good, all-purpose oil. Use for deep-frying, pan-frying, wok cooking, stir-frying and baking.

Sunflower – Made from sunflower seeds, sunflower oil is pale yellow in color, has a bland flavor and is considered a good, all-purpose oil. It is low in saturated fat and high in polyunsaturated fat. Semirefined sunflower oil has a smoke point of 450°F and is excellent for sauteing, preparing salad dressings, deep-frying and pan-frying.

Vegetable – Vegetable oil is an inexpensive, all-purpose oil which is a blend of refined oils made from vegetables, nuts and seeds. Most vegetable oils are made from soybeans and are high in monounsaturated fat, high in polyunsaturated fat and low in saturated fat. Designed to have a mild flavor and a high smoke point, it is recommended for deep-frying, pan-frying, sauteing and baking.

Note: The American Heart Association Cookbook, Fifth Edition, recommends all of the above cooking oils with the exception of peanut oil due to its high saturated fat content.

Miscellaneous Facts, Tips and Warnings…

Essential fatty acids are vital for good health. Without some fats in our diets, we cannot absorb the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.

All cooking oils contain 100% fat.

A tablespoon of cooking oil contains 14 grams of fat.

All cooking oils contain the same number of calories – one tablespoon contains 120 calories.

For better health, choose oils/fats that are low in saturated fat.

Cooking oil used for deep-frying can usually be reused several times. Wait until the oil has cooled completely before handling then strain it into a clean sealable container for storing.

The most accurate method of testing the temperature of oil for deep-frying is a deep-fat thermometer. Make sure the bulb of your thermometer is completely immersed in the oil, but not touching the bottom of the pan. Otherwise, the reading could be affected. If a deep-fat thermometer is not available, the age-old method of dropping a square of bread into the hot oil will suffice. If the bread cube rises to the surface crackling and frying, the oil’s hot enough.

Rule of thumb when using this method – If the bread cube browns uniformly in:

60 seconds, the temperature is 350-365°F

40 seconds, the temperature is about 365-382°F

20 seconds, the temperature is about 382-390°F

To dispose of used cooking oil, carefully pour cooled oil into a strong sealable container, such as an old plastic jar with a lid or old coffee can. (Avoid using breakable glass jars.) If the amount of oil is small, place the filled, sealed jar in the trash. Dispose of large amounts of cooking oil by taking it to the local landfill.

Do not pour cooking oil down the kitchen drain. Even small amounts will eventually clog the plumbing.

Remember to always wait until cooking oil has cooled completely before handling.

Copyright ©2005 Janice Faulk Duplantis

About the Author: Janice Faulk Duplantis, author and publisher, currently maintains a web site that focuses on both Easy Gourmet and French/Cajun Cuisine. Visit http://www.bedrockpress.com to see all that Bedrock Press has to offer. Janice also publishes 4 free monthly ezines: Gourmet Bytes, Lagniappe Recipe, Your Favorite Recipes and Cooking 101. Visit http://www.bedrockpress.com/subscribe.html to subscribe.

Apart from having fun, people who do snow skiing can also obtain some healthful benefits from doing such activity. Being one of the most interesting sports in the cold winter season, the number of people who engaged into snow skiing sport is significantly increasing. Provided with the essential details on the significant benefits one can get from snow-skiing, you now have more reasons to engage into such sport.

Nowadays, many people already consider snow skiing activity as a perfect means of muscle exercising per se snow skiing exercises. In doing so, you can enhance your muscle strengths, particularly the leg muscles and other muscle groups. Aside from muscle strength development, snow-skiing exercises can also help in making the entire body more fit and strong.

In order to obtain the maximum skiing benefits in terms of developing muscle strength, you have to learn the important techniques in the sport. These snow skiing techniques are not only provided for those who seek muscle strength enhancement but also offered to aid those who want to take part of the tough snow skiing competition.

Exercises and Snow Skiing

One can only obtain the full beneficial effects of snow skiing provided that he or she is fully aware on how to do it right. This can be achieved by doing some cardiovascular exercises prior to performing the actual snow skiing activity. It is necessary to undergo into such form of exercises in order to enhance your stamina in order to succeed in any sport you would prefer.

A. Cardiovascular Exercises

Cardiovascular exercises that would help in stamina development encompass jogging, cycling, swimming and brisk walking. These exercises are also designed to build and enhance your endurance. Considering that snow skiing requires focus, it is very necessary for you not to lose energy and get tired easily.

B. Other Preparatory Exercises

Other forms of exercises are also offered to help build and maintain strength, particularly your quads and hamstrings. Lunges and squats are two of these suitable strength-enhancing exercises. Performing these types of exercise would help you focus on building strength in both the outer and inner thighs.

Another important type of exercise you can perform in fulfilling such goal to maximize skiing potentials is manifested with the leg exercises. Acquiring and maintaining strength in the legs is indeed necessary for you to perform well and last in the sport.

Besides leg exercises, you may also try on pertinent exercising as such with the knee exercises. Of course, having strong legs may not be enough to perform well in the snow skiing. Instead, it too requires you to maintain strong knees to avoid the risk of having some knee injuries in the later process. In order to ensure sturdy knees and legs, you may try doing squats, lunges, leg curls, leg extensions and leg presses. Adding some weights can also help in augmenting strength in both the legs and the knees.

More than the leg and knee exercises, it you to can perform other exercises that would help develop your core and upper body, hips, shoulders and arms. Flexibility exercises also play a great role in the preparation for snow skiing. Aside from keeping you safe from any potential injuries, this can help you and your body obtains balance and control in the whole sport duration. Conditioning and re-conditioning of the entire body parts is also essential to ensure that you are actually ready for the skiing season.

Also note that in order to maximize your snow-skiing potentials and ensure your safety, utilize and equip yourself with only the best and durable skiing paraphernalia, which then could mean that a ski wax store visit is likewise, necessary.

About the Author

I have been teaching skiing for a local ski area for 20 years. I was the assistant ski race coach for Fairfield University 1995 to 2001. Skiing tuning for Ski Wiz Precision Ski and Snowboard Tuning and Bicycle racing. I ski raced as a kid from 1975 to 1985. started when I was 11 years old. Started skiing at 4 years old.

These days it is very common for families to eat outside the home on a regular basis. Dining out isn’t just an occasional treat like it used to be. All these restaurant meals can contribute to obesity and related health problems if you don’t take care when selecting your meals.

First of all, you want to try to limit your consumption of dishes that are fried or cooked with a lot of oil or creamy sauces. These are okay in small portions on an occasional basis. Consider splitting an appetizer with friends or having an appetizer portion for your meal if you really want an item like this.

Another way to limit calories and fat is to plan your meal ahead of time so you don’t get tempted by other items on the menu. Many restaurants have their menus posted on the internet so you can check them out in advance to try to find the healthiest options for when you are dining out. Choose what you will order ahead of time and stick to it.

Many people look on dining out as an opportunity to have a special treat. This is okay as long as you limit the extent that you treat yourself. You shouldn’t eat lots of buttered bread plus a calorie-laden appetizer, entree and dessert. If you want dessert, then you should eat a more health conscious entree and have a salad or broth based soup for a starter and pass on the contents of the bread basket.

Keep in mind that many restaurants have huge serving sizes. In order to keep yourself from mindlessly munching on your meal once you are full you might want to have half of your meal packed up in a to go container right away, or else consider splitting a meal with a friend so you won’t have all that food sitting in front of you.

These are just a few tips that can help you to keep your weight in check even when you eat out from time to time. Adding a little more exercise to your routine on days that you are planning on dining out can make even more of a difference.

For Singapore dining guide, visit JP Pepperdine now.

Feel free to publish this article on your website, or send it to your friends, as long as you keep the resource box and the content of the article intact.

When preparing food for the grill, the greatest challenge for home cooks is that grilling is an intense form of direct heat cooking, and controlling the heat can be tricky. Although most people see it as easy, grilling is actually one of the most challenging of the basic cooking methods. If cooking is like driving a car, grilling is like being strapped to a rocket ship! Now more than ever, creative home cooks are looking for the best cooking tips for gas grills. As the weather starts to get nicer and the great outdoors beckons, attention starts to turn to outdoor cooking – and gas barbeque grills can’t be beat for simplicity and convenience. But grilling only becomes EASY when you know these important cooking tips for gas grills that are guaranteed to improve your results. Grilling, like any basic cooking method, can be mastered. These cooking tips for gas grills will get you started on the road to expert grilling any time of year.

Preparing Recipes for the Grill

Cooking all recipes for the grill starts with understanding how the grilling method acts differently on different types of foods. Because grilling is an intense heat form of cooking, careful product selection is extremely important. The grill will not tenderize meats so you must start with a tender product if you want to end with a tender product. Marinating meats when making recipes for the grill is the best way to apply some tenderizing properties before cooking. The product itself is also an important consideration because you want to make sure it will be able to withstand this form of direct high-heat cooking. Different products will handle this differently and some are just not the best choice for standard grilling. A very delicate fish, such as tilapia, will not perform very well on the grill because the high heat may burn the outside of the fish before the inside cooks at all. Another consideration is when grilling combinations of different foods, as in skewering vegetables. A mushroom will cook faster than a carrot or potato, for example. You will achieve far better results by par-cooking the “harder” items prior to skewering so that all vegetables are the correct done-ness at the same time. Once you have considered the differences in the types of foods you will be grilling and preparing them accordingly, the basic procedure for creating recipes for the grill is:

1. Heat the grill on HIGH with the lid closed to heat up the coals and grates to as hot a temperature as possible.
2. Brush the food item with the oil of your choice and place it on the hot grates – presentation side (“pretty side”) down.
3. For GRILLING, leave the grill cover OPEN.
4. After a few minutes inspect the item. You are looking for the item to start to brown around the edges and to see pink (almost clear) moisture bubbling up to the top. This will be your signal that the item is 75% cooked on one side and that is the time to flip it.
5. Do not use a fork to flip the item and do not puncture it in any way – because that will allow precious juices to escape.
6. Using an instant-read thermometer – because this is the only real way to know when something is done – remove the item 5-10 degrees BEFORE the desired final internal temperature.

A Gas Grill Cooking Twist

Although GRILLING is always done with the lid cover open, gas grill cooking can incorporate additional cooking methods that make it preferable to cook with the grill cover closed. With the grill lid closed, the grill changes from a CONDUCTIVE cooking vehicle to a CONVECTIVE cooking one – more like your oven. Of course you could just use your oven for using these cooking methods, but outdoor cooking does have some advantages over indoor cooking – particularly in warmer weather. So how do you turn your dry heat, direct source cooking vehicle (the grill) into one that can utilize a moist convective cooking process? It’s actually a pretty cool technique for gas grill cooking. This is a trick I use most often with delicate fish, such as tilapia. First, I turn the heat OFF on the side of the grill that my tilapia will cook. Then, I add a pan of water to the bottom of the other side of the grill – right on top of the heat elements. Keep in mind that this “water” can be any kind of liquid you like. I use shrimp stock sometimes with fish, but you can season it with chicken broth, wine – anything that is liquid and imparts nice, complimentary flavors to the product you are cooking. Then, the fish is placed either directly on the grill (if you have a flat grate option) or you can put it in a cast iron pan and put it on the grill grates. The rest of the procedure for this type of gas grill cooking follows the normal grilling process – cook with your eyes and observations, flip after 75% done, use a thermometer to determine final temperature and remove a bit “early” to allow for the carry-over cooking that occurs. And that’s it, now you can consider gas grill COOKING in addition to standard GRILLING for great outdoor cooking results.

Gas Barbeque Grills vs Charcoal Grills

You will hear from many self-proclaimed GRILLMASTERS that the traditional charcoal grill is far superior to the gas barbeque grill, but the gas grill has many advantages that make it a great choice for any outdoor cooking situation. I will admit that the charcoal grill provides opportunity for a deep, smoky flavor that is not fully achievable with the gas barbeque grill, but after that all of the “pros” go into the gas grill’s column. For starters, the gas grill is much easier and safer to start because it uses propane as fuel and starts at the press of a button. Charcoal grills can be easily started with lighter fluid, but this can be dangerous, and can impart an undesirable taste into the food. Plus, the gas grill turns OFF as easily as it turned on! No waiting for coals to cool so that you can empty and clean the grill and no messy coals to dispose of. The other nice thing about gas barbeque grills is that they allow for consistent heat throughout the cooking process. With the charcoal variety, the cook has to really control the heat by actually moving products closer and further and this takes some practice and experience.

These cooking tips for gas grills seem simple but they truly are the difference between great grilling results and disappointing meals. The next time you get ready to grill, remember that careful product selection and a basic understanding of cooking methods is all you need to master the barbeque grill, creating outdoor meals and memories for life.

Chef Todd Mohr is a classically trained chef, entrepreneur, cooking educator and founder of WebCookingClasses. You CAN learn to cook without written recipes by taking his FREE cooking class that will change the way you think about cooking forever!

The Dallas tennis community is one of the most active in the US. The city offers a variety courts, public recreational facilities, public parks, private country clubs, racket clubs, and hotel resorts. In addition the Dallas tennis players have excellent opportunity to experience the game in multiple fun or competitive activities such as adult and junior tennis programs, private lessons, drills or leagues. This article provides information about some of the popular Dallas tennis facilities. If you are looking for tennis in Dallas, or if you are interested improving your game by meeting new competitors, this article can point you in the right direction.

There are many tennis courts in Dallas to choose from and many places for Dallas tennis lessons. If you are looking for a larger tennis Dallas tennis club you might want to check out private facilities such as T Bar M Racket Club or Brookhaven Country Club. These are by far the two most prominent and popular Dallas Tennis clubs in the Metroplex. Both are full service tennis facilities that have indoor and outdoor courts as well as programs to the tennis players of all ages and levels.

T Bar M Racket Club is located at Dilbeck and Preston Road, just a half a mile north off of 635. Each of these two clubs has over 20 well trained and seasoned teaching pro’s. T Bar M Racket Club has 8 indoor hard courts and 8 outdoor clay courts as well as 14 outdoor hard courts. The fitness center has a complete weight room, palates room. Sectors of T Bar M Racket Club include a wellness center, massage rooms, outdoor basketball court, pool, and in indoor bar and dining area. T Bar M Racket Club hosts the Men’s Dallas Tennis Challenger every year in the beginning of February where profession players compete from all over the world.

Brookhaven Country Club is located in Farmers Branch, Texas and has 22 outdoor tennis courts and 16 indoor courts. Brookhaven is known for a strong junior development program and has about 20 pros on staff at all times. Brookhaven Country Club has a solid foundation that is run by Club Corp, which operates a bunch of golf courses, country clubs, and private business clubs around the country. This is a Great Dallas tennis club for junior development training and a highly recommended Dallas tennis club to join if you love the sport.

There are other clubs that have a solid following such as Canyon Creek Country Club which is located on the boarder of Richardson and Plano. This club is also operated by Club Corp and has 18 outdoor tennis courts to play on along with 4 indoor courts. Canyon Creek Country Club hosts Texas Open every year in the late summer and has been around since 1963.

Glen Eagles Country Club is another highly prestigious country club located in west Plano that operates 18 courts and is operated by Club Corp. There are about 10 teaching pros that cater to all levels of skill and hold a variety of programs for juniors and adults to select from.

The Village Tennis Center in located in Dallas and is has 12 outdoor tennis courts made of hard court and has a full service pro shop. The facility is operated by U.S.P.T.A. instructors that offer training for every type of player. This is a very popular location for Dallas Tennis tournaments to be held at. The Village Tennis Center is a prime spot for lessons, mixers, and leagues for those who love the sport.

As far as the Dallas public tennis courts that are operated by the cities, there are few that are stronger than others but most of them contain about 15 courts on average. L.B. Houston Tennis center is owned by the City of Dallas and has a complete pro shop inside along with 16 tennis courts. L. B Houston Tennis Center is a great facility for joining a league, booking private lessons, or competing in the Dallas tennis tournaments.

Fretz Tennis Center on Hillcrest at Beltline Road in North Dallas right next to the public library has always been a very popular location for Dallas tennis leagues as well as junior development, and private lesson. This location also has a recreational center that has a basketball court and outdoor pool.

Samuel Grand Tennis Center located in East Dallas is just outside of downtown and it is known as the largest public Dallas tennis center that has 20 out courts, and also provides private tennis lessons, programs and host a number of Texas tennis tournaments throughout the year.

Keist Tennis Center in Oak Cliff another public tennis facility that is run by the Kick Serve Tennis Group and offers private lessons for all age levels. Keist Tennis Center is a great facility with 16 courts and has holds a variety of state tennis tournaments every year. Keist facilitates Dallas tennis leagues such as TCD which known as the Texas Competitors of Dallas, and it is another fine location to sign up for programs, drills, and private lessons.

Fair Oaks Tennis is located in the heart of Dallas and holds a variety programs for juniors and adults of all ages. Fair Oaks hosts many Dallas tennis tournaments throughout the year on their 16 courts and is very active amongst the Dallas Tennis community.

If you are an adult and you are thinking of joining Dallas tennis league than you might want to consider joining the Tennis Competitors of Dallas. The Tennis Competitors of Dallas also known as TCD is specifically designed for league match play against different clubs and city communities that meet at numerous locations to battle it out. The Tennis Competitors is a die hard and highly competitive organization of the Dallas Tennis community that loves the sport of tennis so much it tends to get a little dramatic.

If you are looking to compete in some tournaments, it might be a good idea to join the Dallas Tennis Association so that you are kept up date with the all the tennis tournaments around the city. The Dallas Tennis Association hosts a number of tournaments throughout the year and can help you with the enrollment process when you are ready to compete in the tournaments that you desire.

Our operations in the Dallas Tennis community specialize in world class class top notch training catered to all levels. If you are interested in improving your game check us out.

Brian Marshall 214 336 1891 dallastennis@gmail.com